Background and Aim: Standard tympanometry provides a valuable tool for evaluating MIDDLE EAR abnormalities although it often fails to distinguish different pathologies that effect the ossicular chain. Multi-frequency tympanometry (MFT) has made it possible. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of MFT for distinguishing chronic MIDDLE EAR pathologies.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 60 patients. One EAR was selected from each patient (60 EARs) and were classified into 4 groups according to the type of their MIDDLE EAR pathology adhesive otitis media; MIDDLE EAR effusion; atelectasis and retraction pocket. The following parameters were elicited from MFT: static admittance, resonant frequency, and phase angle. The clinical results were compared with the operative findings.Results: There is significant difference between resonant frequency and phase angle of 4 groups. No statistical correlation exists between phase angle and resonant frequency. The operative results of MFT are correlated with the operative findings.Conclusion: The most significant parameter derived from MFT to distinguish between the 4 groups seems to be the resonant frequency.

OME is a Common disease in children. Over than 90% of children in preschool ages experienced this disease once at least. Despite medical therapy about 10% of the OME patients won't improved and these are the group of patients who referred to as chronic OME patients. Insertion of VT in TM is an accepted therapy for these patients and during surgery for insertion of VT, suctioning of MIDDLE EAR effusion is done. This suctioning produces noise and this noise can produce SNHL. Further, during suctioning probable traumatization of external EAR canal, developing hemorrhage in the canal, obscuring visual field of surgeon, and finally surgical time becoming too long are probably. This double blind clinical trial that included 50 patients with bilateral COME evaluated the effect of suctioning of MIDDLE EARs effusion before VT insertion on hEARing acuity of patients with COME. All selected patients had type B tympanogram and conductive hEARing loss over 20db in both EARs. The patient with unilateral COME and tympanogram of type C was omitted. In right EAR after myringotomy and in left EAR after myringotomy and suctioning of MIDDLE EARs effusion VT was inserted and patients were followed up in one week, three weeks and three months after surgery and in each examination the degree of improvement of hEARing was evaluated by mean of audiometery. The results of this trial analyzed by statistical chi-square and t.test. 46 suctioned EAR (92.4%) and 34 unsanctioned EAR (68%) developed hEARing improvement at the end of the first week. HEARing improvement in the two groups at the end of third week and third month was 100%. Therefore, we concluded that the degree of hEARing improvement in patients with COME doesn't correlates with MIDDLE EAR effusion suctioning during surgery for inserting VT.

Generated acoustic trauma by suction and drill may cause sensorineural hEARing loss after MIDDLE EAR surgery. EAR surgery may cause noise induced hEARing loss. SNHL of 74 patients undergoing EAR surgery were measured preoperatively and 7 days postoperatively with conventional audiogram from 250 to 8000 HZ. Average drilling time was 51 minutes and mean threshold elevation of 7.3 db for ipsilateral was obtained. This significant shift may be partially temporary and is attributed to intraoperative drill noise exposure or surgical manipulation and suction irrigation.    

Rhabdomyosarcoma of the MIDDLE EAR is a rare tumor. It may be locally invasive or spread by distant metastasis. It generally has a poor prognosis. We describe a case of rhabdomyosarcoma of the MIDDLE EAR with extension to cavernous sinus, internal auditory and carotid canals.

Otitis media has been recognized as the most prevalent infectious diseases in children under fifteen yEARs old. Effusion of the MIDDLE EAR can be created in the absence of any previous infection. The main factor in the creation of effusion of the MIDDLE EAR is eustation tube malfunction. Undesirable effects of MIDDLE effusion are irreversible in some cases, but they can be prevented by effective medical care. The present study has been done in accordance with examination of more than seven thousand first and second grades of elementary school in Ilam in the yEARs (1995-1996). This was to study the effusion of the MIDDLE EAR and it distinguished that 4.65 percent of the students under examination were suffering from effusion. There was more prevalence in the lower educational class and male sex. Emphasis of examination in high-risk students during the study course has been made.

Otitis serous is a common disease in pediatrics and ENT which can be treated by various medical and surgical techniques. The traditional surgery treatment of this disease has been done by realation of MIDDLE EAR cavity with myringotomy and insertion of VENTILATION tube in tympanic membrane. Since remaining time of VENTILATION tube in tympanic membrane has a direct effect on the tratment result, the present resEARch has been done to compare the iranian VENTILATION tube with their imported semblable in aspect of time of extrusion after surgery.Diagnosing chronic otitis serous, 80 patients below 14 yr. who were simply selected and confirmed by examine and bilateral B- type tympanogram. 160 VENTILATION tubes were inserted totally. Among of them, four patients were omited, because of their absence. To compare remaining time of VENTILATION tubes we inserted imported V.T shepard, in right EAR and iranian V.T. pariz, in left EAR. This resEARch was a clinical trial and T-Test was the statistics test which was used. The average time of tube extrusion of iranian V.T was 6.2±1.6 months and for the other was 7.3±1.5 (p<0.001). The results showed that imported V.T was more effective and the iranian one in case of short time VENTILATION for MIDDLE EAR in about one or two seasons can be utilized. It is imagin that the lower remain time of iranian v.t. pariz, versus the shepard was because of its design and existence of irregularity in its structure, which can be hopefully used effectively by solving its faults.

Introduction: Few studies evaluated the treatment of postoperative pain in MIDDLE EAR surgery. Materials and Methods: We conducted a randomized clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of dexamethasone in the management of postoperative pain in MIDDLE EAR surgery. Group G1 received an intravenous injection of 2 ml of physiological saline 30 minutes before the end of the procedure. Group G2 received a 2 ml intravenous solution containing 8 mg of dexamethasone, 30 minutes before the end of the procedure. Pain perception was measured by the Visual analog scale (VAS) every 10 min during the first hour and then every 6 hours during the 24 hours postoperatively. The delay of the first analgesic demand and the consumption of analgesics use during the first 24 hours postoperatively, were recorded. Results: VAS values were lower in G2at all measurement points during the first hour, as well as the first 24h postoperatively (Mann-Whitney test, P<0. 05). The delay of the analgesic request was (0 (0-60) for G1 versus 0 (0-80) for G2, P=0. 04, Mann-Whitney test). Morphine was used in 44% of the patients in G1 against 19% for G2 (P = 0. 031). There was a significant difference between G1 and G2 in terms of the total dose of morphine consumed (P= 0. 028, Mann-Whitney test). Paracetamol demand was lower in group 2 at all points of assessment during the first 24 hours postoperatively. Conclusions: Intravenous dexamethasone is effective in decreasing pain and analgesic requirement, during the first 24 hours postoperatively, in patients undergoing MIDDLE EAR surgery.

Inroduction & Objective: The smallest bones in the body is located in the MIDDLE EAR. It transmits air from the outer EAR to the inner EAR and this ossicle important in physiology and pathology. There is no study performed on the histology of MIDDLE EAR bones in the buffalo. Material and Method: For this study, eight male and female buffalos heads were selected from the slaughterhouse. Then histological section was taken from the MIDDLE EAR ossicles and histologically stained by haematoxylin-eosin staining. At the end the MIDDLE EAR ossicles were studied histology and the internal structure of the ossicels and joints between them was studied. Results: The histological results showed MIDDLE EAR ossicles in buffalo was Compact bone and It has synovial joints. The joint between malleus bone and incus bone and The joint between incus bone and stapes bone had diarthrosis joint and a articular capsule covered the outside of the articular space. This articular capsule was thicker in the joint between the malleus bone and incus bone than the incus bone and stapes bone. Around the foot plate of the staped bone obseves annular ligament that connected the joints of the stapes bone to the ventral window. Conclusion: The results of the present study can provide basic information for other resEARchers to physiology and pathology in this regard.